MDD Augmentation: S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe)
We continue our lecture series “10 Augmentation Strategies for MDD” with our ninth lecture on the role of SAMe as an augmentation for major depressive…
We continue our lecture series “10 Augmentation Strategies for MDD” with our ninth lecture on the role of SAMe as an augmentation for major depressive…
We continue our lecture series “10 Augmentation Strategies for MDD” with our eighth lecture on the role of Pramipexole as an augmentation for major depressive…
We continue our lecture series “10 Augmentation Strategies for MDD” with our seventh lecture on the role of Buspirone as an augmentation for major depressive…
We continue our lecture series “10 Augmentation Strategies for MDD” with our sixth lecture on the role of Stimulants as an augmentation for major depressive…
We continue our lecture series “10 Augmentation Strategies for MDD” with our fifth lecture on the role of Lamotrigine as an augmentation for major depressive…
We continue our lecture series “10 Augmentation Strategies for MDD” with our fourth lecture on the role of L-MethylFolate as an augmentation for major depressive…
We continue our lecture series “10 Augmentation Strategies for MDD” with our third lecture on the role of thyroid hormine as an augmentation for major…
We continue our lecture series “10 Augmentation Strategies for MDD” with our second lecture on the role of lithium as an augmentation for major depressive…
It is known that close to 50% of patients with major depressive episodes may not achieve remission after the trials of first-line antidepressants, and only…
Thank You for an Incredible 2022! Dear PEFA Academy members, As 2022 comes to a close, we wanted to take a moment to thank you…
As we approach the end of 2022, I want to wish you all a safe and Happy New Year. Hope this new year makes all…
Xerostomia, commonly referred to as dry mouth syndrome, is a result of reduced or absent salivary flow. Medications are common causes but systemic conditions like…
On Dec 16, 2022: AbbVie announced that FDA has approved Cariprazine as an adjunctive therapy to antidepressants for the treatment of major depressive disorder in…
PSYCHIATRY EDUCATION FORUM ACADEMY’S JANUARY 2023 LECTURE SERIES ANNOUNCEMENT(JAN 14 – JAN 29, 2023) MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: 10 AUGMENTATION STRATEGIES Introduction Psychiatry Education Forum Academy…
It is well known that ischemic heart disease (IHD) can increase the risk of depression but depression can also increase the risk of IHD. It…
In 2021: Based on in-vitro studies, FDA added the following Cardiac rhythm and conduction abnormalities warning to lamotrigine package insert: Lamotrigine could cause serious arrhythmias…
Before Scrolling Down ==> Submit Your Answer First 🙂 According to this review article published in BMC Gastroenterology: Level 1 Evidence is based on ≥…
During the perinatal period, Women are at an increased risk for the onset and/or exacerbation of obsessive-compulsive disorder. According to a recent study published in…
Psychiatry Education Forum’s Journal Club is an additional feature for our Academy’s members. All academy members will be automatically enrolled in this journal club. In…
Clozapine is considered a gold-standard medication for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but close to 50% of these patients on clozapine may show poor or no response. What…
The Psychopharmacology Algorithm Project at the Harvard South Shore Program published algorithms for bipolar depression in 1999 and 2010. Here is the summary of their…
Clozapine is considered a gold-standard medication for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but close to 40-50% of these patients on clozapine may show poor or no response. What…
Psychiatry Education Forum Academy is excited to announce the release of Academy’s 19th Journal Club discussion today: This article was published in the NEJM on…
Psychiatry Education Forum Academy is excited to announce a new feature for our academy members: Clinical Case Discussions In this section, we will discuss the…
Psychiatry Education Forum Academy has released the next clinically relevant discussion today, where Dr. Harvinder Singh has discussed the role of Transdermal Selegiline for depression…
It is clinically relevant to have the knowledge of drug interactions between clozapine and medications used for common medical conditions, as certain medication can lower…
Psychiatry Education Forum Academy is excited to announce the release of Academy’s 18th Journal Club Discussion: Anorexia Nervosa: How to Evaluate, Diagnose & Treat This…
We know that medications are not the first-line treatment for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) management but they are helpful when first-line behavioral interventions are not…
According to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (Third Edition), Insomnia is defined as: either trouble initiating or maintaining sleep, associated with daytime consequences, and…
Delirium is one of the most commonly encountered psychiatric diagnosis in the hospital setting. Untreated delirium can have significant negative effects on patients’ morbidity and…
Restless leg syndrome is a common neurological condition, which can be easily missed or misdiagnosed as insomnia. On the other hand, most antidepressants and antipsychotics…
Depression with atypical features is defined as significant mood reactivity combined with two of the following clinical features: Hyperphagia Hypersomnia Leaden paralysis Pathological rejection sensitivity…
Psychiatry Education Forum Academy released the next lecture series for our academy members, where Dr. Harvinder Singh will discuss the following clinically relevant topics from…
Psychiatry Education Forum Academy is excited to announce our next presentation’s release date for Sep 10, 2022: WATCH INTRODUCTION VIDEO https://youtu.be/Q01KwQTdTqM There are many plant-based…
Post-stroke depression is considered one of the common neuropsychiatric complications of cerebrovascular stroke, affecting approximately one third of stroke survivors at any one time after…
On Aug 19, 2022 Axsome Therapeutics announced the FDA Approval of Auvelity, as the first and Only Oral NMDA Receptor Antagonist for the treatment of…
Clozapine was FDA-approved for treatment-refractory schizophrenia in 1989 and has remained the gold standard treatment since then for this indication. Clozapine has established efficacy in…
It is important to have knowledge of these six neuro-cognitive domains for the evaluation & diagnosis of dementia subtypes. In this discussion series, Dr. Harvinder…
Let’s begin by answering this question first: Answer: Gradual increase in dose from first to third trimester; and dose taper within three days of delivery…
Postpartum psychosis is a psychiatric emergency that warrants immediate treatment, including admission to ensure the safety of mother and baby. Understanding the treatment algorithm for…
Psychiatry Education Forum Academy is announcing our next lecture series, where Dr. David Osser will discuss the psychopharmacology algorithm project’s recent update on the psychopharmacological…
Psychiatry Education Forum Academy is excited to announce the release of our 17th journal club discussion. This journal club will focus on this clinically relevant…
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 . . . . What is the Underlying Mechanism? SSRIs limit uptake of blood serotonin by…
This question is more directed toward drug-drug interactions and the role of Cytochrome P450: Atomoxetine is metabolized by CYP2D6, so we should avoid medications inhibiting…
Psychiatry Education Forum Academy is excited to announce the following coffee club discussion: SERIOUS RASHES ASSOCIATED WITH MOOD STABILIZERS Presentation by: Dr. Satinder Pal Kaur,…
Clozapine is indicated for the management of treatment resistant schizophrenia and hence it is likely that patient will also be taking other psychotropic and non-psychotropic…
According to this article (Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2018;13(7):671-683), people who try to quit nicotine smoking: 80% return to smoking within the first month <…
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most common developmental disorders. The importance of early ASD diagnosis is of clinical importance, as early interventions…
Silexan is a standardized essential oil of L. angustifolia flowers prepared by steam distillation. This is currently approved in Germany for the management of restlessness…
STEROIDS & NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ADVERSE EVENTS Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events from Non-Psychiatric Medications Patients on higher doses of steroids can present with affective, behavioral, and cognitive symptoms.…
Can Ginkgo Biloba help with antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction? WHAT IS THE LIKELY MECHANISM OF ACTION: Prostaglandin synthesis and vasodilation ==> resulting in increase peripheral blood…
Traumatic brain injury can significantly impact an individual’s life, in terms of cognitive, behavioral, and physical impairments. Among these, aggression remains the most challenging for…
Recently Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have drawn the clinical attention for the treatment of major depressive disorder. The…
Psychiatry Education Forum Academy is excited to release our 16th journal club discussion today. This journal club will focus on this clinically relevant topic of…
Let’s begin by answering this question first: APA 2007 guideline recommends that successful medication treatment for OCD be continued for 1–2 years before considering a…
Lifetime prevalence estimates of DSM-IV anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder are .9%, 1.5%, and 3.5% among women, and .3% .5%, and 2.0%…
Psychiatry Education Forum Academy just finished the lecture series on Understanding Lithium’s Adverse Events Management. Here we have discussed the clinical details of how to…
We continue our lecture series on Lithium Adverse Events Management with the discussion of Lithium Induced Gastrointestinal side effects. Nausea and/or diarrhea are common gastrointestinal…
We continue our lecture series on Lithium Adverse Events Management with the discussion of Lithium Induced Hyperparathyroidism. The first case of Lithium induced hyperparathyroidism was…
We continue our lecture series on Lithium Adverse Events Management with the discussion of Lithium Induced Hypothyroidism. The antithyroid effects of lithium were recognized in…
We continue our lecture series on Lithium Adverse Events Management with the discussion of Lithium Induced Tremors. Tremors are one of the common side effects…
Lithium is the oldest mood stabilizer approved for bipolar disorder and still is considered the gold standard treatment. Lithium is not protein bound, is not…
Viloxazine ER (Qelbree) was initially approved for pediatric ADHD and now had received FDA approval for the management of ADHD in adult patients. We have…
A patient in his mid 30s was brought to the hospital by police for increased aggression towards his family members. On evaluation he reported a…
Lumateperone received its first FDA approval for the management of adult schizophrenia in 2019, and recently FDA has just approved this medication for depressive episodes…
Gabapentin is currently FDA approved for restless leg syndrome, partial-onset seizures, and postherpetic neuralgia. Although not a first-line medication, recently many studies have shown gabapentin…
This post will summarize Trazodone’s mechanism of action and answer the following two questions: What dose of Trazodone is effective for major depression disorder (MDD)…
Phencyclidine abuse can cause violent and aggressive behaviors, severe hallucinations, paranoia, and impaired motor skills. Few medications can cause false-positive results can occur for agents…
Amphetamine screening tests are most commonly associated with false positive tests and this includes false positive results from psychotropic medications as well. Let’s begin by…
LECTURE SERIES DAY 3: RELEASED TODAY We continue our lecture series on the “Clinical Interpretation of Urine Drug Tests” with a discussion on the following…
LECTURE SERIES DAY 2: RELEASED TODAY We continue our lecture series on the “Clinical Interpretation of Urine Drug Tests” with a discussion on the following…
LECTURE SERIES DAY 1: RELEASED TODAY Today we begin this clinically relevant lecture series for our academy members with videos on the following two topics:…
Today FDA has approved the first sublingual medication, IGALMI (Dexmedetomidine) for the management of acute agitation in indications discussed below. We have summarized this medication…
Psychiatry Education Forum Academy has released the complete lecture schedule for our academy members today: CLINICAL INTERPRETATION OF URINE DRUG TESTS It is important to…
Melancholic features in major depressive disorder are characterized by: ONE of the following present during the most severe period of the current episode: Loss of…
Valproate is considered the first-line medication for bipolar disorder management but is known to cause various adverse events. Among these adverse events, tremors are one…
On March 14, 2022: FDA has approved the first and only once-weekly transdermal patch for Alzheimer’s dementia: Adlarity (Donepezil). Psychiatry Education Forum Academy has summarized…
Psychiatry Education Forum Academy’s lecture series on “Impulse Control & Self Injurious Behaviors: Pharmacological Management” has released the next lecture today: Parkinson’s Disease & Impulse…
Psychiatry Education Forum Academy (PEFA) is excited to announce our next lecture series on “Impulse Control & Self Injurious Behaviors: Pharmacological Management”. Today we released…
In February 2022, Psychiatry Education Forum Academy added the following 6 clinically relevant chapters. Please let me know if you found them clinically relevant. (1)…
Cannabis is one of the commonly used illicit substances. The use has increased further with multiple states legalizing cannabis use in the United States. Cannabis…
Antidepressant-induced excessive sweating (ADIES) is reported in more than 20% of patients taking antidepressants. For this reason, the knowledge on how to identify and manage…
Psychiatry Education Forum Academy is excited to release our next journal club discussion today. This journal club will focus on this clinically relevant topic of…
Psychiatry Education Forum’s Journal Club is an additional feature for our Academy’s members. We are excited to announce the release of our new feature in…
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 Antidepressant treatment is indicated for post-partum depression. For this reason, it is of direct clinical relevance…
According to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (Third Edition), Insomnia is defined as: either trouble initiating or maintaining sleep, associated with daytime consequences, and…
Although benzodiazepines are only indicated for short-term prescription use, a certain percentage of patients can end up on the long-term use resulting in both physiological…
Serotonin syndrome is considered a psychiatric emergency, characterized by excess of serotonin in central nervous system, which if severe can become life threatening. We have…
Share This Post Share on facebook Share on linkedin Share on twitter Share on email Close to 70-90 % of reproductive age women are known…
On Jan 10, 2022, FDA has approved this new medication for treatment of adults with insomnia: Quviviq (daridorexant). This FDA approval is based on the…
On this last day of 2021, let’s review our top 5 viewed posts of this year: Bipolar Disorder Psychopharmacology (1) Restarting Lamotrigine after abrupt Discontinuation…
Depression in bipolar disorder is considered the most common mood phase and also a major clinical challenge. This is known to cause impairment from being…
Dec 20, 2021. We know that Lumateperone received its first FDA approval for the management of adult schizophrenia in 2019, but FDA has just approved…
Today, we released the journal club #13 for our psychiatry education forum academy members. This journal club will compare the findings of this 2014 study…
Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis This is an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies attack NMDA (N-methyl D aspartate) type glutamate receptors at central neuronal synapses. Psychiatrists should…
Serotonin modulators are a class of medications approved for the treatment of the major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Education Forum Academy’s recent chapter will compare these…
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 There is growing evidence that patients with comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia may represent a…
Can Ginkgo Biloba help with antidepressants induced sexual dysfunction? MECHANISM OF ACTION: Prostaglandin synthesis and vasodilation ==> resulting in increase peripheral blood flow and to…
Lithium is considered the gold standard and first-line treatment for bipolar disorder and is known to have adverse effects on the kidney, thyroid, parathyroid, neurological…
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and impairing disorder affecting children, adolescents, and adults. Stimulant class of medications are considered first-line treatment for ADHD, including…
Q: What Features Differentiate Bipolar Depression from MDD? Bipolar depression is characterized by significantly higher rates of: Psychomotor retardation Difficulty thinking Early morning awakening, morning worsening…
A 43-year-old male with a history of major depressive disorder is referred to you by his primary care physician for management of depression with the…
Once you have initiated antidepressants for MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) treatment and the patient has achieved remission, how long will you continue this current antidepressant…
ADHD is a common neurobehavioral disorder that can persist into adulthood and treatment can have a significant positive impact on a person’s daily functioning. ADHD…
With the IR formulation, the rate is 0.4% (4/1000) at doses of 300 to 450 mg/day. With the SR formulation, the rate is 0.1% (1/1000)…
SNRIs: Venlafaxine vs Duloxetine © Psychiatry Education Forum FOR ACADEMY MEMBERS: (1) SNRI use with RENAL impairment This chapter will summarize the dosage adjustment of…
L-MethylFolate is used as an augmentation agent to antidepressants in patients with major depression disorder, but who is a good candidate for considering L-Methylfolate as…
The drug interaction between Lamotrigine and Oral Contraceptives is of direct clinical relevance for your daily clinical practice. This topic is summarized in the following…
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mood disorder associated with various mood states including mania, hypomania, depression, and mixed states. The identification and treatment of mixed…
Clozapine is considered a gold-standard medication for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but close to 50% of these patients on clozapine may show poor or no response. What…
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a common psychiatric disorder with chronic waxing and waning course for some. Serotonergic medications (SSRIs and SNRIs) are considered first-line…
Valproate is considered first-line treatment for the management of bipolar disorder with the following recommendations per recent CANMAT & ISBD 2018 guidelines: Acute Mania: First…
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type/cause of dementia. As we know that FDA recently approved Aducanumab (Aduhelm) for the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (read…
Partial response, no response, or residual symptoms following antidepressant therapy is common in clinical psychiatry. Hence, it is of clinical importance to have knowledge of…
Answer: (b) Sertraline. Warfarin has two isomers: S-isomer (three times more potent than R-isomer): metabolized by 2C9. R-isomer: metabolized by 1A2 (major) and 2C19 & 3A4 (minor) —> monitor…
Pramipexole is currently only FDA approved for Parkinson’s disease & Moderate-to-severe primary Restless Legs Syndrome but Pramipexole has promising data as an augmentation option for…
Antidepressants are well known to cause this side effects of emotional blunting. It is clinically relevant to diagnose this early in the treatment as this…
Sep 01, 2021. Today FDA approved the first and only 6 monthly long-acting injectable for schizophrenia treatment: Invega Hafyera. We have summarized Invega Hafyera clinical…
Topiramate is well known to cause cognitive dulling and patients should use caution when operating machinery including automobiles. How can we prevent the risk of…
Age-associated hypogonadism (testosterone deficit) can occurs in 30% of men after the age of 55 (1). Low testosterone is associated with decreased muscle mass, bone…
When delirium and dementia coexist: this is referred to as delirium superimposed on dementia (DSD). Delirium and dementia are associated with: lengthier hospital stays functional…
The perinatal period can increase the risk of mood symptoms recurrence for patients with bipolar disorder, including the risk of depressive episode recurrences and postpartum…
The presence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) in schizophrenia is frequent. It is of clinical relevance to separate obsessive symptoms from delusional…
Depression and anxiety are common comorbidities in breast cancer patients. As a results patients with breast cancer may require treatment with antidepressants. For this reason,…
Dear PEFA Members. We are excited to release a new update in our academy: PEFA Network. This is a closed group for PEFA members only and…
We know that dopamine agonism can result in hypersexual or paraphilic behaviors but interestingly, case reports for second-generation antipsychotics association with increase in hypersexual behavior…
The risk for psychiatric disorders and symptoms can increase after the traumatic brain injury, and long-term disability from TBI has primarily been attributed to neurobehavioral…
We know that CBT and SSRI are considered first-line treatments for pediatric OCD management, but few patients are treatment-refractory and they do not respond to…
The diagnosis of PTSD requires the endorsement of one of two symptoms from the symptom clusters of (1) reexperiencing, (2) avoidance, and (3) sense of…
OCD is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder that can cause significant psychosocial impairment (Goodman et al., 2021), and delay in treatment is associated with poor outcomes…
Today we are excited to announce the release of our website’s new feature for PEFA members. Now PEFA members can message each other privately to…
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) of psychotropic medication is a clinically relevant topic as TDM can be a beneficial test in following clinical scenarios checking medication…
Antipsychotic-induced edema is not an uncommon side-effect. In most cases, this can be a transient and self-limited side effect but it is important to know…
Psychiatry Education Forum Academy published its next discussion series today: It is important to have knowledge of these six neuro-cognitive domains for the evaluation &…
Today we are excited to announce Psychiatry Education Forum Academy’s next discussion with release date for this Saturday (July 24): It is important to have…
We know that medications are not the first-line treatment for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) management but they are helpful when first-line behavioral interventions are not…
Psychotropic medications are known to cause ocular side effects. We have a detailed section on this topic in Psychiatry Education Forum Academy. Let’s begin with…
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type/cause of dementia. As we know that FDA recently approved Aducanumab (Aduhelm) for the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (read…
We just finished our 13 journal club discussions at PEFA (Psychiatry Education Forum Academy). PEFA members can claim a maximum of 4.75 AMA PRA Category…
Today we posted the following 13th journal club in PEFA Journal Club’s discussion series and discussion with an expert in our Coffee Club’s discussion section:…
Today we posted the following 12th journal club in PEFA Journal Club’s discussion series and discussion with an expert in our Coffee Club’s discussion section:…
Today we posted the following 11th journal club in PEFA Journal Club’s discussion series and discussion with an expert in our Coffee Club’s discussion section:…
Today we posted our 10th journal club in PEFA Journal Club’s discussion series, discussing the risk of weight gain with antipsychotics: Journal Club #10: Almost…
Today we posted the following 9th journal club in PEFA Journal Club’s discussion series and discussion with an expert in our Coffee Club’s discussion section:…
Today we posted the eighth journal club in PEFA Journal Club’s discussion series, discussing if Vortioxetine is effective for emotional blunting in MDD after inadequate…
Today we posted the sixth and seventh journal club in PEFA Journal Club’s discussion series, discussing the following two newer antipsychotics for schizophrenia treatment: (A)…
Today we posted the following fifth journal club in PEFA Journal Club’s discussion series and discussion with a expert in our Coffee Club’s discussion section:…
Today we posted the following fourth journal club in PEFA Journal Club’s discussion series: Journal Club #4: Staging of Schizophrenia With the Use of PANSS:…
Today we posted the following third journal club in PEFA Journal Club’s discussion series: Journal Club #3: The Psychopharmacology Algorithm Project at the Harvard South…
Today we posted the following second journal club in PEFA Journal Club’s discussion series: Journal Club #2: International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research Practice Guidelines…
We begin PEFA Journal Club’s updated schedule with our first journal club discussion today: Journal Club #1: The Psychopharmacology Algorithm Project at the Harvard South…
Psychiatry Education Forum’s Journal Club is an additional feature for PEF Academy’s members. All academy members will be automatically enrolled in this journal club. Here…
Antipsychotics of Choice During Lactation: This PEFA academy chapter will summarize the use of antipsychotics during lactation in the following sections: FIRST-LINE treatment options during…
June 07, 2021 Today FDA has approved Aducanumab (Aduhelm) for the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. This is the first novel treatment to target the underlying…
June 01, 2021 Today FDA approved LYBALVI for the treatment of: Schizophrenia in adults Bipolar I disorder in adults Acute treatment of manic or mixed…
PSYCHIATRY EDUCATION FORUM ACADEMY’S NEWSLETTER MAY 2021 Here is the summary of topics posted in the month of May at Psychiatry Education Forum Academy. These…
Today (May 24) is World Schizophrenia Day. The purpose of this day is to increase awareness and reduce the stigma associated with the diagnosis of…
Valproate is an FDA approved treatment for bipolar disorder. According to CANMAT and ISBD (2018 guidelines) valproate is indicated for the following phases of bipolar…
Antipsychotic medications are commonly used to treat auditory hallucinations but it is equally important to teach patients these psychological skills to reduce the distress associated…
Glycopyrrolate is preferred over Benztropine for the following reasons: for Glycopyrrolate is less known to cross the blood-brain barrier, hence less central adverse events (less…
How do you decide between psychotherapy versus medications for the treatment of major depressive disorder? Depression severity is one of the criteria used to make…
Tinnitus is defined as the conscious awareness of a sound in the absence of an external auditory stimulus. Psychotropic medications are commonly used as the…
Naltrexone XR is an opioid antagonist, which is FDA approved for opioid use disorder. The main benefits of naltrexone-XR are: extended duration of its action…
Psychiatry Education Forum Academy’s Coffee Club contains short discussions with clinical experts in the field of psychiatry. Coffee Club’s goal is to get answers for clinically…
Lumateperone is the most recently approved FDA-approved medication for the treatment of schizophrenia. Watch the following short video discussion from our journal club regarding the…
Premenstrual disorders can range from mild premenstrual syndrome (PMS) to premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). It is known that close to 70-90 % of reproductive age…
Watch the following short 5 minutes video from Psychiatry Education Forum’s Bipolar Disorder Update 2020 Conference. This video will briefly discuss the important laboratory workup…
Thanks to Psychiatric News for covering Psychiatry Education Forum’s Bipolar Disorder Update 2020 Conference. Here is Dr. Harvinder Singh’s interview on Bipolar Disorder Mixed Features:…
Psychiatry Education Forum Academy will publish a detailed lecture on the management options for treatment-resistant GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder) tomorrow: April 18 (Sunday). This detailed…
MTHFR gene encodes for MethyleneTetraHydroFolate Reductase (MTHFR) enzyme. It is important to have the knowledge of the following two MTHFR polymorphisms for you to interpret…
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a common psychiatric disorder with chronic waxing and waning course for some. Psychiatry Education Forum Academy will summarize the pharmacological…
ANSWER: (d) All of the above. Apply to a different application site each time a new transdermal system is applied. Do not cut the patch.…
INTERESTED IN LEARNING MORE? JOIN PSYCHIATRY EDUCATION FORUM ACADEMY MEMBERSHIP This educational activity is dedicated to the essential and must-know clinical facts regarding the interaction…
Restless leg syndrome is defined as having following four essential clinical consensus criteria: (a) Compelling urge to move the legs with or caused by uncomfortable…
Share this post Share on facebook Share on google Share on twitter Share on linkedin Share on pinterest Share on print Share on email L-theanine…
Share this post Share on facebook Share on google Share on twitter Share on linkedin Share on pinterest Share on print Share on email Bipolar…
PROPRANOLOL FOR TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY Traumatic brain injury can significantly impact an individual’s life, in terms of cognitive, behavioral, and physical impairments. Among these, aggression…
Happy New Year to all PEF Followers I want to thank you all for following Psychiatry Education Forum and giving me the encouragement to continue…
Share this post Share on facebook Share on google Share on twitter Share on linkedin Share on pinterest Share on print Share on email Ankyrin-3…
ASENAPINE: TRANSDERMAL VS SUBLINGUAL This post will summarize the key differences between the transdermal and sublingual formulation of asenapine in the following 10 minutes of…
How to Minimize Renal Damage Risk with Chronic Lithium Use? <img width=”768″ height=”854″ src=”https://psychiatryeducationforum.com/project1/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/02889320-0192-4269-938a-0f27a483c3f2-copy-768×854.jpg” alt=”” loading=”lazy” srcset=”https://i1.wp.com/www.psychiatryeducationforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/02889320-0192-4269-938a-0f27a483c3f2-copy.jpg?resize=768%2C854&ssl=1 768w, https://i1.wp.com/www.psychiatryeducationforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/02889320-0192-4269-938a-0f27a483c3f2-copy.jpg?resize=270%2C300&ssl=1 270w, https://i1.wp.com/www.psychiatryeducationforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/02889320-0192-4269-938a-0f27a483c3f2-copy.jpg?w=813&ssl=1 813w” sizes=”(max-width: 768px) 100vw,…
ROLE OF NAC FOR TREATMENT-RESISTANT OCD This is a short 5-minute video from <a href=”https://psychiatryeducationforum.teachable.com/p/conference1″ target=”_blank” rel=”noopener noreferrer”>Psychiatry Education Forum’s 1st CME Conference</a>. Here I…
MONTELUKAST & NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ADVERSE EVENTS Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events from Non-Psychiatric Medications BY DR. HARVINDER SINGH Montelukast is indicated for the treatment of: Prophylaxis and chronic…
This post will compare trazodone and nefazodone in the following table: INTERESTED IN LEARNING MORE? JOIN OUR ACADEMY & GET ACCESS TO FOLLOWING COMPLETE LECTURE…
This topic will be summarized in the following three sections: (1) Grief versus Major Depressive Episode: https://youtu.be/WIQmiWnqhFg (2) Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder Versus Prolonged Grief…
On Oct 22, 2020: FDA approved the antiviral medication Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19 requiring hospitalization. This was the first treatment for COVID-19 to…
This video podcast will be discussed in the following sections: 1. Available lithium formulations and dosages.2. Lithium Citrate vs Lithium Carbonate.3. Which lithium formulation &…
On Oct 9, 2020: Alkermes announced that FDA Advisory Committee voted in support of ALKS 3831 for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder.…
Today we released our updated lecture series on the management of treatment-resistant PTSD nightmares management. With this lecture series, we have crossed 260 chapters in…
You must be aware of life-threatening challenges posted on social media in past, including the Tide Pod Challenge (in 2018) and the Bird Box Challenge…
Behavioral Symptoms Management in Dementia Lecture Series This lecture series will be discussed in the following sections: 1. Types of agitated behaviors in dementia: (Duration:…
On Sep 23, 2020: FDA released this new announcement in their Drug Safety Communication, that the following update will be included in the Boxed Warning…
Bruxism is an involuntary activity of the jaw musculature characterized by jaw clenching, bracing, gnashing, and grinding of the teeth. Antidepressants induced bruxism is an…
Lithium is considered a gold-standard mood stabilizer for the management of bipolar disorder. How about managing bipolar disorder with lithium during pregnancy OR for a…
Prazosin is used for treatment of intrusive nightmares and flashbacks symptoms of PTSD. Prazosin has limitation in some patients due to: Need for multiple dosings…
This most recent study published by Jin-Tai Yu et al in J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry (on Jul 20, 2020) completed a systematic review & meta-analysis…
Psychiatry Education Forum’s first CME online conference is dedicated to the essential and must-know clinical facts in psychiatry. This conference will offer a maximum of 10 AMA…
This post will focus on the following three available long-acting formulations of antidepressants: (1) FLUOXETINE CR: Comparing daily fluoxetine with weekly fluoxetine in terms of:…
We are currently working on exciting educational activities for Psychiatry Education Forum subscribers. We at Psychiatry Education Forum rely on reliable peer review process to…
Neutropenia is the single most important risk factor for infection and Clozapine is well known for the increased for neutropenia. This neutropenia risk will increase…
On Oct 15, 2019 FDA has approved the first-and-only transdermal patch for the treatment of adults with schizophrenia: SECUADO® (asenapine) Transdermal Patch This post will…
Let’s begin this discussion with the following hypothetical case: <img width=”640″ height=”360″ src=”https://psychiatryeducationforum.com/project1/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pink-Blooming-Bridal-Bouquets-Sales-Presentation-2-1024×576.png” alt=”” srcset=”https://i0.wp.com/www.psychiatryeducationforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pink-Blooming-Bridal-Bouquets-Sales-Presentation-2.png?resize=1024%2C576&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/www.psychiatryeducationforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pink-Blooming-Bridal-Bouquets-Sales-Presentation-2.png?resize=300%2C169&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/www.psychiatryeducationforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pink-Blooming-Bridal-Bouquets-Sales-Presentation-2.png?resize=768%2C432&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/www.psychiatryeducationforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pink-Blooming-Bridal-Bouquets-Sales-Presentation-2.png?resize=1536%2C864&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/www.psychiatryeducationforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pink-Blooming-Bridal-Bouquets-Sales-Presentation-2.png?w=1920&ssl=1 1920w, https://i0.wp.com/www.psychiatryeducationforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pink-Blooming-Bridal-Bouquets-Sales-Presentation-2.png?w=1280&ssl=1…
Traumatic brain injury can significantly impact an individual’s life, in terms of cognitive, behavioral and physical impairments. Among these, cognitive impairments are often the most…
This short 10 min video will discuss the important drug interactions for commonly used mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder management: Our course chapter will compare…
Psychiatry Education Forum’s (PEF) Coffee Club is a new feature for Physician’s Guide for Clinical Psychiatry course subscribers. PEF Coffee Club contains short discussions with…
A 36 year-old-female with history of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is currently on fluvoxamine 300 mg/day with clomipramine 250 mg/day with persistence of intrusive obsessive thoughts…
We all know about the risk of extrapyramidal symptoms with the use of antipsychotics. A similar risk can also be seen with antidepressants, but this…
Agitation is seen in various psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The use of intramuscular and intravenous medications is common in hospital settings for…
Do you know of a condition “which causes such suffering that it should be known by every physician”?(1) That is what Ekbom, the neurologist who…
Understanding the neuroanatomy of the reward pathway and related circuitry is important in psychiatry, as abnormalities in these pathways are known to have a role…
Post Contribution by Dr. Lena Palaniyappan Often we request urine drug screening when we suspect possible drug use, but cannot trust what the patient says.…
Clozapine as a treatment option has many strengths. But it also has some weaknesses. This week I had a patient who has been stable on…
Journalists write a lot more than psychiatrists, right? But how can you write meaningfully when your “brain is on fire”? A 24 year old New…
Psychiatry Education Forum is excited to announce the release of our upcoming discussion series with Dr. Lena Palaniyappan: <h2>ATYPICAL PSYCHOSIS:</h2> <img width=”640″ height=”360″ src=”https://psychiatryeducationforum.com/project1/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Dr.-Lena-Palaniyappan2–1024×576.jpg” alt=””…
We will begin the following email lecture series for Physician’s Guide for Clinical Psychiatry course subscribers: PSYCHOTROPICS DOSE CONVERSION (MAY 18- MAY 29, 2020) (May…
FDA has expanded the duloxetine indication for the treatment of fibromyalgia in pediatric population (age 13-17 yr). Duloxetine is now approved for following disorders: Major…
Physician’s Guide for Clinical Psychiatry’s Next Triweekly Email Lecture Series Announcement: In this email lecture series, we will discuss the neuropsychiatric adverse events from following…
This post is dedicated to the discussion of diagnostic criteria for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Here is the summary of an international consensus study of Neuroleptic…
REFERENCES: Book: CATATONIA. From Psychopathology to Neurobiology. (HIGHLY RECOMMENDED) (amazon) Kahlbaum KL: Klinische Abhandlungen über psychische Krankheiten. 1. Heft: Die Katatonie oder das Spannungsirresein. Berlin,…
Today we are excited to announce that we crossed 250 chapters in Physician’s Guide for Clinical Psychiatry Course. Here is Chapter #252 (which is available…
FDA issued the statement on March 22, 2020 regarding the patient access to REMS (Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy) medications like clozapine during COVID-19 public…
Physician’s Guide for Clinical Psychiatry’s next lecture series will discuss the psychotropics sexual side effects in the following six chapters/emails: (1) WHAT QUESTIONS TO ASK? (MARCH…
The Tobacco Use Disorder email lecture series will be discussed in the following sections: (1) Varenicline: (March 16) Mechanism Dosing instruction Comparison to bupropion Effect…
References: Fuller RW, Snoddy HD, Krushinski JH, Robertson DW. Comparison of norfluoxetine enantiomers as serotonin uptake inhibitors in vivo. Neuropharmacology. 1992 Oct;31(10):997-1000. (PubMed PMID: 1279447)…
The Psychopharmacology Algorithm Project at the Harvard South Shore Program published algorithms for bipolar depression in 1999 and 2010. They just released their updated guidelines…
References: Minerva Endocrinol. 2013 Dec;38(4):365-77. (pubmed) J Affect Disord. 2014 Dec;169:112-7. (pubmed) Arch Intern Med. 2010 Dec 13;170(22):1996-2003. (pubmed) Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2015 Aug;58:114-9. (pubmed) Facebook Twitter…
FOR PHYSICIAN’S GUIDE FOR CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY SUBSCRIBERS: (Read Chapter 11.1): VA/DOD Clinical Practice Guidelines for PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder. This chapter will summarize these…
For Physician’s Guide for Clinical Psychiatry Subscribers: Read this chapter for details: (2.34) OTHERS: Hydroxyzine and QTc Prolongation. Read Course Chapter Dr. Harvinder Singh Admin,…
For Physician’s Guide for Clinical Psychiatry Course Subscribers: (This chapter is only available to course subscribers) This topic will be discussed in the following sections:…
On 01-14-2020, FDA released this alert of possible association of cancer with Lorcaserin: FDA mentioned that at this time, the cause of the cancer is…
Dasotraline is an investigational medication discovered by Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. and is currently under development for the treatment of: ADHD (in children) and Binge eating…
Lithium induced neuropathy is a rare side effect of lithium. We will discuss this adverse event in the following sections: Underlying mechanism. Clinical Presentation: onset,…
Detailed answer is available in our first email of Psychotropics Drug-Drug Interactions lecture series:- <a data-elementor-open-lightbox=”” href=”https://app.getresponse.com/view/a62b/EwvVVzw/whArc/email-message/bhdkY” target=”_blank” rel=”noopener noreferrer”> <img width=”599″ height=”638″ src=”https://psychiatryeducationforum.com/project1/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Screen-Shot-2020-01-08-at-1.20.08-PM.png” alt=””…
On Dec 23, 2019 Eisai Inc. announced the FDA approval of DAYVIGO™ (Lemborexant) for insomnia management. This post will summarize the important clinically relevant facts…
We hope you had an amazing 2019! We sure did, thanks to all of your support over the past year. I want to say a…
FDA has approved this new antipsychotic CAPLYTA (lumateperone) for the treatment of schizophrenia. This post will summarize the important clinically relevant facts regarding this medication,…
FDA issued the following warning on 12/19/2019, and requires this information to be included in the package insert of this medication class: Combination of Gabapentinoids…
Detailed answer is available in our next email in the lecture series: <h3><a href=”https://app.getresponse.com/view/a62b/EFlZJSI/whArc/broadcast/18Akc” target=”_blank” rel=”noopener noreferrer”>Antidepressants use with Cardiac Risk</a></h3> <img width=”980″ height=”735″ src=”https://psychiatryeducationforum.com/project1/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Antidepressants-Cardiac.001.jpeg”…
Switching Antidepressants Versus Adding Augmentation Agent in MDD. <h3>How do you decide?</h3> <h4>This question is answered by following two studies:</h4> <h3>(1) Canadian Network for Mood…
WATCH THIS VIDEO FOR MORE DETAILS: This video will compare Lithium, Depakote, Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine and Lamotrigine in following sections: FDA Indications. CANMAT and ISBD 2018…
Answer: <img width=”1024″ height=”729″ src=”https://psychiatryeducationforum.com/project1/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-29-at-3.32.28-PM-1024×729.png” alt=”” srcset=”https://i0.wp.com/www.psychiatryeducationforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-29-at-3.32.28-PM.png?resize=1024%2C729&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/www.psychiatryeducationforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-29-at-3.32.28-PM.png?resize=300%2C213&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/www.psychiatryeducationforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-29-at-3.32.28-PM.png?resize=768%2C546&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/www.psychiatryeducationforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Screen-Shot-2019-10-29-at-3.32.28-PM.png?w=1196&ssl=1 1196w” sizes=”(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px” /> <h3>Detailed answer is available at following…
Dr. Harvinder Singh, MD Admin, Psychiatry Education Forum Facebook Twitter Instagram Youtube Linkedin Physician’s Guide for Clinical Psychiatry Course Subscribers will have more detailed access…
Autism spectrum disorder is a neuro-developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and social reciprocity, as well as repetitive behavior and restricted interests. First…
(Q) 28 year old male with history of major depressive disorder, reports having sexual side effects on trial of fluoxetine, sertraline, mirtazapine and venlafaxine.…
(Q.1): Which of the following antidepressant medication acts via: 5HT-2 Antagonism 5HT-3 Antagonism Alpha 2 Antagonism Venlafaxine Mirtazapine Vortioxetine Vilazodone (Q.2):…
(Q.1): Which of the following antidepressant medication acts via: 5HT-2 Antagonism 5HT-3 Antagonism Alpha 2 Antagonism Venlafaxine Mirtazapine Vortioxetine Vilazodone (Q.2): Which…
Before proceeding further: Submit your answer first ANSWER: (c) 6 MONTHS (a) Continuing antipsychotics beyond 6 months (24 weeks) may not further protect against mania recurrence…
This podcast will be summarized in the following sections: (1) Assessment: before initiation of Naltrexone XR (2) Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) (3) Naltrexone (oral)…
Click here for more details: https://course-email-summary.subscribemenow.com/ Free preview of our email sent today: Bipolar Disorder Guidelines: Mania (CANMAT & ISBD): http://bit.ly/Email-Summary-Bipolar-1
Dear Psychiatry Education Forum Members. We send 1-2 educational emails/week to our email subscribers. We have upgraded to a new email service provider and this…
This post will be summarized by answering the following questions: (Q.1): What are the Neurological and Non-Neurological Symptoms of Lead Poisoning? (Q.2): What are the…
Management of Excoriation (Skin-Picking) disorder will be discussed in the following two chapters (video podcasts). This brings our total course chapters count to 225. In…
Physician’s Guide for Clinical Psychiatry course was released 6 months ago on Jan 19 with 180 chapters. We just published our 222nd chapter yesterday (= 42 chapters…
Suicide risk assessment is the most important aspect of psychiatric evaluation. This video podcast will discuss the clinical factors that may increase or decrease the…
Before this summary, I want to thank you all for subscribing to our YouTube channel (Psychiatry Education Forum): we crossed 100 subscribers this week 🙂…
Hello Friends. This post is dedicated to our new PGY1 psychiatry residents. This video podcast will summarize the basic details of a mental status examination. Highly recommended…
Answer is available in our next video podcast here: Detailed answer available for course subscribers here: https://mailchi.mp/ac53f9c8e8fb/antidepressants-and-risk-of-thrombocytopenia
Hello Friends. June is almost over and so is half of 2019 🙂 How are you all liking our posts so far? Please do not…
Post your answers below We have summarized this topic in this short 20 min video podcast here: https://youtu.be/UXYBXOjUNuI
Detailed Answer Posted Here:
Post your answer by using “Leave a Comment” option below. More detailed answer is available here: https://mailchi.mp/62acf1868385/comparing-fda-approved-medications-bipolar-1-depressed
Answer posted here: https://mailchi.mp/2c27d4fc37d1/drug-interaction-hiv-medication-psychotropics
Cariprazine (Vraylar) was initially approved for acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adults. This week FDA also approved…
Answer Posted: https://psychiatryeducationforum.teachable.com/courses/451404/lectures/10380068 Subscribe for similar clinically relevant topics and podcasts.
Chapter: http://bit.ly/Comparing_Antidepressants_1 YouTube: https://youtu.be/lB3l77VA4bc Chapter: http://bit.ly/Comparing_Antidepressants_2 YouTube: https://youtu.be/u8WLCAcv4tE Subscribe for similar clinically relevant topics and podcasts.
Welcome to Behavioral Symptoms Management in Dementia Lecture Series. This post will summarize the list of chapters (based on their release dates). Here is our…
Answer with detailed explanation is available in our following course chapter (available for free access): Subscribe for similar clinically relevant topics and podcasts.
This table will summarize the dose conversion between: (1) Oral Risperidone (Risp) (2) Oral Paliperidone (Invg) (3) Risperidone Consta (R. Cont) (4) Invega Sustenna (I.…
This is our fifth video podcast and will be summarized in the following sections: Diagnosing PMDD. PMS vs PMDD. Evaluating PMDD with Scales. Treatment Options:…
Following Psychiatric medications are CURRENTLY IN SHORTAGE: (1) Buspirone (2) Diazepam Injection (3) Diphenhydramine Injection (4) Flurazepam Hydrochloride Capsules (5) Fluvoxamine ER Capsules (6) Haloperidol…
This is our first video podcast lecture. This podcast will compare Lithium, Depakote, Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine and Lamotrigine in following sections: FDA Indications. CANMAT and ISBD…
FDA approved Zulresso (brexanolone) injection for intravenous (IV) use for the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD) in adult women. Mechanism: Brexanolone is positive allosteric modulator…
↓ ↓ Answer: 30 eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2: Metformin isContraindicated eGFR between 30-45 mL/min/1.73 m2 : Initiation of metformin is not recommended If eGFR falls…
International Society of Psychiatric Genetics (ISPG) updated their guidelines on the use of genetic testing in psychiatric practice. Here is a summary of these recommendations:…
Delirium screening tools such as the Confusion Assessment Method and the Delirium Symptom Interview: are designed to detect some delirium symptoms but not to measure…
Esketamine is a glutamate receptor modulator: acts as noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. On March 05, 2019: FDA approved Spravato (esketamine) nasal spray, as an…
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and social reciprocity, as well as repetitive behavior and restricted interests. ↓…
Answer: C ↓ ↓ (190th Chapter Added to Course): Free preview available for next 48 hours only: Chapter #(2.8): Antipsychotics Induced Edema: Evaluation & Management.…
↓ ↓ Answer: Fluoxetine. Detailed Explanation Posted in Following Course Updated Chapter: (3.4) ANTIDEPRESSANTS and Warfarin (Chapter Updated) https://psychiatryeducationforum.teachable.com/courses/physicians-guide-for-clinical-psychiatry/lectures/8430865 Dr. Harvinder Singh, M.D. (Admin & Course…
Question Series on Traumatic Brain Injury Continues…. Read below for answer and other details: Symptom 1: Patient with impairments of consciousness following traumatic brain injury.…
Patient with diagnosis of bipolar I disorder had remission of his recent manic episode with combination of mood stabilizer (lithium/ divalproex) and antipsychotic (risperidone/ olanzapine)…
Kroenke (1) published the following stepped approach for evaluation and management of medically unexplained symptoms in primary care setting: STEP #1: Determine Severity (a) for acutely…
DSM-5 Somatic Symptom & Related Disorders includes: Somatic Symptom Disorder Illness Anxiety Disorder Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder) Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical Conditions…
FIRST LINE MEDICATION: BENZODIAZEPINES (LORAZEPAM). Route of administration: IV or IM preferred over oral. Initiating dose of lorazepam: 2 mg (Lorazepam Challenge Test) Examine patient…
This post will focus on likely causes for catatonia secondary to underlying medical conditions. DSM-5 defines this as Catatonic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition:…
Kahlbaum is well known for his monograph “Catatonia or Tension Insanity“, where he described catatonic symptoms as having behavioral and motor components. He described this…
A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis conducted by Peng Xie et al. investigated the comparative efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive atypical antipsychotics for treatment-resistant depression.…
(Q.1): HOW TO CONVERT ORAL RISPERIDONE TO RISPERIDONE CONSTA? ORAL RISPERIDONE RISPERIDONE CONSTA 3 mg/day or less. 25 mg >3 to <5 mg/day or less…
The following study by Robert L. Findling et al tested the effect of guanfacine extended release (GXR) adjunctive to a psychostimulant on oppositional symptoms in…
The following study done by Dr. James T. McCracken et al tested the effects of stimulant and guanfacine monotherapies relative to combined treatment on cognitive functions important in ADHD.…
Q: Is this combination safe and well tolerated from cardiovascular side effect profile of individual medications? Stimulants are known for increase in pulse…
This post will focus on: Differentiate Lithium associated hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism from primary hyperparathyroidism. Symptoms of hypercalcemia. Monitoring guideline. LITHIUM ASSOCIATED HYPER-CALCEMIA/ HYPER-PARATHYROIDISM PRIMARY HYPER-PARATHYROIDISM…
This chapter will compare following three FDA approved medications for opioid use disorder: Methadone (MET). Buprenorphine/Nalaxone (BUP). Naltrexone injectable- Vivitrol (NTX). MET BUP NTX…
Dear Psychiatry Education Forum Members and Physician’s Guide for Clinical Psychiatry Subscribers. I have noticed that only 60-70% of our emails are going to…
(Q.1): Patient is stable on Lamotrigine but suddenly stopped it due to rash. Lamotrigine can be restarted (without need for titration) within how many days of…
DEFINITION OF LOW-DOSE NALTREXONE (LDN): Naltrexone is used in 50- 100 mg daily dose for opioid use disorder treatment. LDN is 1/10th of…
Here is our list of top five viewed posts in October. POST #1: Trazodone for Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. This…
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 . . . . Answer 1: (e) None of the above. Typical Antipsychotics should be avoided…
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Partial agonist at 5-HT1A. Low affinity as antagonist for dopamine D2 auto-receptors. According to rat models: Repeated use of haloperidol —> result…
This is second part of our post on this topic. First part is available here: Antipsychotics Induced Weight Gain. This post will focus…
Weight gain is one of the untoward side effect of antipsychotic medications and the extent of weight gain varies among all antipsychotics. This post will…
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 . . . . A is correct:Sertraline is more potent at blocking DA receptor…
This post will answer following three questions: How to use and score Maudsley Staging Method (MSM) for treatment resistant depression (TRD)? What is the optimal…
Total VPA levels monitoring in patients with low albumin level may not represent correct VPA level. Hermida et al published this study…
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 . . . . A Cochrane systematic review was done to answer this…
(1) * Deplin is a medical food containing L-methylfolate, the active dietary form of the vitamin B9 (folate).* EnLyte is an FDA-regulated prescription medication. This ensures prescribing uniformity and integrity, maintains your (the…
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Aripiprazole <img src=”https://psychiatryeducationforum.com/project1/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/0-ogfdvzu02tegyrenmh4w7eyg4fz8zzfh13uz94u7bc.jpeg” title=”0″ alt=”0″ /> <h4>Therapeutic drug monitoring have limited value in the clinical use of aripiprazole. It may be useful…
This diagram will answer basic overview of diseases associated with damage to basal ganglia structures: <img width=”1024″ height=”851″ src=”https://psychiatryeducationforum.com/project1/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Basal-Ganglia-1024×851.jpg” alt=”” srcset=”https://i0.wp.com/www.psychiatryeducationforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Basal-Ganglia.jpg?resize=1024%2C851&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/www.psychiatryeducationforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Basal-Ganglia.jpg?resize=300%2C249&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/www.psychiatryeducationforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Basal-Ganglia.jpg?resize=768%2C638&ssl=1…
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 . . . . BRAIN STRUCTURES (AND NEUROTRANSMITTERS) IMPLICATED IN SLEEP WAKE CYCLE: …
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 . . . . REDUCED LAMOTRIGINE LEVELS Atazanavir/Ritonavir: may decrease lamotrigine plasma concentrations due…
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 . . . . Quetiapine is the drug of choice for…
Q: How can you clinically differentiate antidepressants discontinuation syndrome from relapse and recurrence of underlying depression? (1) SYMPTOMS: Distinctive symptom of discontinuation is dizziness, which…
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 . . . . Designer drugs are synthetic analogs of controlled substances. This post will…
Diagnosis of a parkinsonian syndrome Bradykinesia and at least one of the following: Muscular rigidity. Rest tremor (4-6 Hz). Postural instability unrelated to…
FDA approved the first once monthly long acting injectable form of Risperidone: PERSERIS™ (in July 2018). INDICATION: Schizophrenia in adults. DOSAGE: 90 mg and 120…
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 . . . . Tramadol is indicated for the management of moderate to moderately…
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 . . . . Fibromyalgia is combination of widespread chronic musculoskeletal pain, fatigue and sleep…
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 . . . . . . . . . This…
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 . . . . PREFERRED ANTIDEPRESSANT IN BREAST FEEDING: Sertraline Paroxetine Nortriptyline …
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 . . . . Higher dose of prazosin may be needed for…
PART 1 is available here: Haloperidol Decanoate (PART 1) This part will focus on loading and conversion strategies for haloperidol decanoate. HOW…
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 . . . . PHARMACOKINETICS: Peak Levels Reached by: 6 days after the injection. Half Life:…
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 . . . . Prazosin is used for treatment of intrusive nightmares and flashbacks…
June 25, 2018: FDA approved EPIDIOLEX® (Cannabidiol) oral solution for treatment of seizures associated with: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome. in patients 2 yr and…
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 . . . . (1) ONSET: Gradual Onset: common in non-epileptic seizures but…
Methadone: Drug Interactions BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 . . . . DECREASE METHADONE Carbamazepine CYP3A4…
Rule out: Hypogonadisim or Low Testosterone HOW TO MAKE THIS DIAGNOSIS: Consistent symptoms and signs + unequivocally low serum testosterone levels. Initial…
Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis This is an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies attack NMDA (N-methyl D aspartate) type glutamate receptors at central neuronal synapses. CLINICAL…
Psychiatry & Co-Morbid Medical Conditions: Renal This question series will focus on clinically relevant questions related to the role of psychotropic medications…
Psychiatry & Co-Morbid Medical Conditions: Renal This question series will focus on clinically relevant questions related to the role of psychotropic medications…
Psychiatry & Co-Morbid Medical Conditions: Hepatic This is our third question in this series: “Psychiatry and Co-Morbid Medical Conditions“. This post will…
Psychiatry & Co-Morbid Medical Conditions: Hepatic (Q.1) Which of the following psychotropic medication is not as influenced by first-pass metabolism? Sertraline…
Psychiatry & Co-Morbid Medical Conditions: Hepatic This is our first post in this series: “Psychiatry and Co-Morbid Medical Conditions“. This post will…
Antipsychotics use for Psychosis or Agitation Management in Dementia -Post by Dr. Harvinder Singh. American Psychiatric Association (APA) have published detailed guidelines on this topic.…
Clozapine: Managing Side Effects By Dr. Harvinder Singh. Physicians are aware of serious side effects from clozapine including agranulocytosis, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary embolism and seizure…
Marshall Protocol: antimicrobial treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases. Five key elements of this approach includes: taking a minimum of four doses of olmesartan (Benicar)…
Inflammatory Biomarkers and Risk of Schizophrenia Question: Whether inflammatory biomarkers have an effect on the risk of developing schizophrenia.? Findings: This study published in JAMA Psychiatry…
FDA Approved NSS-2 BRIDGE for Opioid Withdrawal On November 15, 2017 U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted a new indication to an electric stimulation device for…
Hypothyroidism and Depression: Clinical Facts 1. Depressive patients have a higher frequency of hypothyroidism and patients with hypothyroidism have a higher occurrence of depressive syndrome. 2. Thyroid peroxidase…
Please do post your questions or comments below. Dr. Harvinder Singh, M.D. (Admin) Enroll in our online course to have access to all important clinically…
Q.12: Buprenorphine Sublingual Tablets are indicated for the treatment of opioid dependence. Which of the following statement is correct regarding Buprenorphine? (a) Induction with buprenorphine…
Patients taking trazodone may get false positive results on the urine enzyme immunoassay test for MDMA. The reason for this false positive result is trazodone’s…
Q.11: Which of the following medication is NOT known to increase the apparent clearance of lamotrigine? (a) Carbamazepine (b) Estrogen-containing oral contraceptives (c) Rifampin (d) Valproate (e)…
Antidepressants & Comorbid Medical Conditions Antidepressant to avoid in patients with seizure disorders: Buproprion Antidepressant to avoid in patients with uncontrolled hypertension: Venlafaxine Antidepressant…
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 . . . . Answer: (b) Potassium followed by (d) Bicarbonate …
Q.8: Which of the following medication is FDA approved for treatment of Dementia associated with Parkinson’s Disease?(a) Donepezil(b) Galantamine(c) Rivastigmine(d) Memantine Answer: (c) Rivastigmine FDA…
Q.7. 40 year old male with history of major depression disorder presents for evaluation and management of recent increase in anxiety. Laboratory workup revealed abnormal liver…
Q.6: 45 year old male with history of depression, seizure disorder, hepatitis and coronary artery disease. He is interested in medication options of his recent increase…
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 . . . . According to VA/DOD recently published guidelines (June 2017): For…
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 . . . . Sertraline —> can cause false positive results for benzodiazepines…
Tasimelteon: Important Drug Interactions Q.2. Tasimelteon is a melatonin receptor agonist indicated for the treatment of Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder.Addition of which of the following medication…
Answer: (b) Sertraline Read the following chapter in our online course: (15.1) Treatment of Depression after Traumatic Brain Injury. This chapter will answer above question…
The VAST-D Randomized Clinical Trial published in JAMA answered this question. This post will focus on details and findings of this trial. …
U.S. FDA Approves Mydayis™ (mixed salts of single entity amphetamine product) Shire plc (LSE: SHP, NASDAQ: SHPG) announced on June 20, 2017 that the U.S.…
Q.1: Monotherapy with Antidepressants is not recommended in patient with bipolar disorder. Which antidepressants are preferred in conjunction with mood stabilizer? SSRIs (other than…
Q: Presence of Which Single Clinical Feature Identifies Most Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder and Absence of Which Rules out this Disorder? Answer: Affective Instability. Zimmermen…
This is the first and only FDA-approved product indicated for the treatment of adults with tardive dyskinesia. This post will summarize basic details regarding this medication.…
ADHD and Comorbid Bipolar Disorder Q: Which Symptoms are More Prominent in Bipolar Disorder-I, Compared with those with only ADHD? Elevated Mood Grandiosity Flight…
Role of Melatonin With Antipsychotic Induced Metabolic Effects The following three randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled clinical trials evaluated the metabolic effect of melatonin in patients…
Donepezil, Rivastigmine & Galantamine: Use in Renal and Hepatic Impairment Donepezil Single doses of donepezil can be safely administered to patients with moderately…
Avoid Triggers:○ Sleep deprivation ○ Alcohol○ Recreational drugs: Stimulants such as cocaine, amphetamines, GHB, and ketamine may exacerbate or trigger seizures and should be…
Patient with treatment resistant schizophrenia is admitted for fifth time this year secondary to worsening of psychotic symptoms. He is compliant with medications and have…
BEFORE SCROLLING DOWN ==> SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS FIRST 🙂 . . . .What is the Underlying Mechanism? SSRIs limit uptake of blood serotonin by platelets.…
40 year old patient with history of schizophrenia stabilized on clozapine presented with recent worsening of psychotic symptoms. He recently started smoking and initiated treatment…
Billing in Tobacco Use Disorder As of January 2011, Medicare covers face to face tobacco cessation counseling from a Medicare recognized practitioner (physician, physician assistant,…
Are Antidepressants Safe in Pregnancy? Q.1: Is first-trimester use of SSRIs associated with increased risk of birth defects? This study used the data from the Slone…
52 year old male with history of major depression disorder stable on fluoxetine 20 mg daily. Medical History: diabetes mellitus Labs: LDL-C: 130 mg/dL. Will…
Dasotraline: New DNRI (Dopamine and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor) Dasotraline: Dasotraline is an investigational medication discovered by Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. and is currently under development…
28 year old non pregnant female presents with symptoms of depression. On evaluation her thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level is elevated with normal free thyroxine…
(1) Cluster A Personality Disorders- Differential Diagnosis 1. Paranoid Personality Disorder Paranoid Personality Disorder Delusional disorder and Schizophrenia Reality testing intact Reality testing lost …
Modifiable Predictors of Conversion to Dementia in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) Diabetes: increases the risk of Alzheimer’s dementia in people with amnestic MCI and that…
Cabergoline is preferred over Bromocriptine for its efficacy and favorable side effect profile (less risk of nausea compared to Bromocriptine). This post will summarize…
Psycho-Pharmacologic Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder Do you all agree with this algorithm. This algorithm is a condensed version of various articles (Please correct me…
Q: Patient on Valproate found to have high Ammonia level. What will you do next? (1) Is Patient Asymptomatic or Symptomatic (altered consciousness, confusion, nausea,…
SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors): Important Facts to Know (1) Do SSRIs have Active Metabolites? Fluoxetine (Norfluoxetine with half life of 7–14 days). Note: R-norfluoxetine is…
10 Facts Regarding Personality Disorders (1) Personality disorders in cluster B are said to combine abnormalities in both thinking and affect, but not to be…
Bupropion: 10 Clinical Facts <h4><strong>Clinical Fact #1:</strong></h4> Bupropion is least likely to precipitate mania of all antidepressants in patient with bipolar disorder. Reference: N Engl…
The following two double blind randomized trails will answer this question. ARTICLE 1: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial published by Calabrese et al…
Serotonin Pathway: Medications Mechanism of Action A: Tryptophan Hydroxylase Inhibitors: p-Chlorophenylalanine B:5 Hydroxy-Tryptaphan Decarboxylase Inhibitors: Alpha Methyl 5-HT C:Mono Amine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI): Tranylcypromine, Pargyline…
Hydroxyzine: Important Eight Recommendations by European Medicines Agency (1) Hydroxyzine has the potential to block hERG channels and other types of cardiac channels, resulting…
FDA Approved Low Dose ZUBSOLV® (Buprenorphine and Naloxone) for Opioid Dependence Treatment Contents: 0.7 mg of buprenorphine and 0.18 mg of naloxone. Available Dose Strengths…
Bipolar Disorder Type II vs Borderline Personality Disorder Please do post your questions or comments below.
Antipsychotic Medications and the Risk of Seizures This study did a nested case-control analysis to investigate the association between antipsychotic drug use and the development…
Copyright © Psychiatry Education Forum Please do post your questions or comments below. Dr. Harvinder Singh, M.D. (Admin) Enroll in our online course to have…
Copyright © Psychiatry Education Forum Please do post your questions or comments below. Dr. Harvinder Singh, M.D. (Admin) Enroll in our online course to have access…
Alcohol Withdrawal: Medications Comparison Chlordiazepoxide Diazepam Lorazepam Oxazepam Onset of Action Oral: ~30 min Oral (Rapid) and IV (Immediate) Oral (60 min) and IV (~20 min)…
Basal Ganglia Pathways & Pathology Copyright © Psychiatry Education Forum Please do post your questions or comments below. Dr. Harvinder Singh, M.D. (Admin) Enroll in…
Switching Dose from Oral Risperidone to Risperidone Long-Acting Injection Oral Risperidone Dose = Risperidone Long-Acting Injection 3 mg/day or less = 25 mg > 3 mg/day-…
NeuroAnatomical Location of Depression Symptoms Amygdala and Prefrontal cortex: Guilt, Suicidality and Worthlessness. Nucleus accumbens: Pleasure, Interest, and Energy. Hypothalamus: Sleep and Appetite. Functional…
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